Environmental Engineering – Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. 1. Which of the following is NOT a primary environmental concern addressed by Environmental Engineering?

   • A. Air pollution
   • B. Water pollution
   • C. Soil erosion
   • D. Structural analysis of buildings

2. 2. What is the main purpose of a Water Treatment Plant (WTP)?

   • A. To generate electricity
   • B. To treat raw water to make it safe for drinking
   • C. To store water for irrigation
   • D. To regulate river flow

3. 3. Which process removes suspended solids from water by gravity settling?

   • A. Filtration
   • B. Aeration
   • C. Sedimentation
   • D. Disinfection

4. 4. The process of adding chemicals to water to coagulate small suspended particles is called:

   • A. Aeration
   • B. Coagulation
   • C. Adsorption
   • D. Chlorination

5. 5. What is the primary objective of disinfection in water treatment?

   • A. To remove color
   • B. To kill pathogenic microorganisms
   • C. To remove dissolved solids
   • D. To adjust pH

6. 6. Which disinfectant is most commonly used in water treatment?

   • A. Ozone
   • B. UV radiation
   • C. Chlorine
   • D. Potassium permanganate

7. 7. The measure of acidity or alkalinity of water is indicated by:

   • A. Turbidity
   • B. Hardness
   • C. pH
   • D. Conductivity

8. 8. What is "BOD" in wastewater treatment?

   • A. Biological Oxygen Demand
   • B. Biochemical Odor Diffusion
   • C. Bacterial Organic Degradation
   • D. Basic Organic Disposal

9. 9. The primary purpose of a Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) is to:

   • A. Produce drinking water
   • B. Treat wastewater to an acceptable level before discharge
   • C. Generate energy
   • D. Irrigate crops

10. 10. Which stage of wastewater treatment involves biological processes to remove organic matter?

    • A. Primary treatment
    • B. Secondary treatment
    • C. Tertiary treatment
    • D. Preliminary treatment

11. 11. Activated sludge process is a type of:

    • A. Physical treatment
    • B. Chemical treatment
    • C. Biological treatment
    • D. Preliminary treatment

12. 12. Sludge digestion is a process that:

    • A. Increases the volume of sludge
    • B. Stabilizes sludge and reduces its volume
    • C. Removes all solids from sludge
    • D. Makes sludge suitable for drinking