Ecology and Environment – Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. 37. Desertification is the process of:

   • A. Conversion of fertile land into desert
   • B. Conversion of desert into fertile land
   • C. Increase in forest area
   • D. Decrease in pollution

2. 38. Biomagnification is highest in which trophic level?

   • A. Tertiary consumers
   • B. Producers
   • C. Primary consumers
   • D. Secondary consumers

3. 39. The most abundant greenhouse gas in the Earth's atmosphere is:

   • A. Water vapor
   • B. Carbon dioxide
   • C. Methane
   • D. Nitrous oxide

4. 40. Smog' is a combination of:

   • A. Smoke and fog
   • B. Smoke and dust
   • C. Fog and rain
   • D. Dust and rain

5. 41. The normal pH of rainwater is about:

   • A. 5.6
   • B. 7
   • C. 6
   • D. 8

6. 42. BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand) test is used for measuring the activity of:

   • A. Microbes in water
   • B. Algae in water
   • C. Fish in water
   • D. Plants in water

7. 43. The primary succession starts on:

   • A. Bare rock
   • B. Abandoned farmland
   • C. Burned forest
   • D. Flooded area

8. 44. Secondary succession starts on:

   • A. Previously colonized areas that have been disturbed
   • B. Bare rock
   • C. Volcanic islands
   • D. Glacial retreats

9. 45. Pneumatic bones are found in:

   • A. Birds
   • B. Fish
   • C. Reptiles
   • D. Mammals

10. 46. Ozone layer is present in which layer of atmosphere?

    • A. Stratosphere
    • B. Troposphere
    • C. Mesosphere
    • D. Thermosphere

11. 47. A 'hot spot' is an area of:

    • A. High biodiversity
    • B. High temperature
    • C. High pollution
    • D. High population density

12. 48. The Ramsar Convention is associated with the conservation of:

    • A. Wetlands
    • B. Forests
    • C. Deserts
    • D. Grasslands