Operating Systems – Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. 13. Which of the following is a necessary condition for deadlock?

   • A. Mutual exclusion
   • B. Preemption
   • C. Hold and wait
   • D. Circular wait

2. 14. What is mutual exclusion?

   • A. Multiple processes can use a resource simultaneously
   • B. Only one process can use a resource at a time
   • C. Resources can be forcibly taken away from a process
   • D. Processes must request all needed resources at once

3. 15. What is hold and wait?

   • A. A process releases all its resources before requesting new ones
   • B. A process must request all needed resources before starting
   • C. A process holds at least one resource and is waiting to acquire additional resources held by other processes
   • D. Resources can be forcibly taken away from a process

4. 16. What is no preemption?

   • A. Resources can be forcibly taken away from a process holding them
   • B. A process releases resources voluntarily
   • C. A process must request all resources at once
   • D. Only one process can use a resource at a time

5. 17. What is circular wait?

   • A. A chain of processes exists where each process is waiting for a resource held by the next process in the chain
   • B. A process waits for a resource that is never released
   • C. Multiple processes access the same resource concurrently
   • D. Processes are executed in a circular order

6. 18. Which of the following is a deadlock prevention technique?

   • A. Allowing preemption
   • B. Denying mutual exclusion
   • C. Breaking the circular wait condition
   • D. Allowing hold and wait

7. 19. What is memory management?

   • A. The process of allocating and deallocating memory to processes
   • B. The process of scheduling CPU time for processes
   • C. The process of managing input/output devices
   • D. The process of managing files

8. 20. What is partitioning in memory management?

   • A. Dividing memory into fixed-size or variable-size chunks
   • B. Allocating the entire memory to a single process
   • C. Swapping processes between memory and disk
   • D. Compacting memory to reduce fragmentation

9. 21. What is fragmentation?

   • A. Wasted memory space
   • B. The process of dividing memory
   • C. The process of allocating memory
   • D. The process of deallocating memory

10. 22. What is internal fragmentation?

    • A. Wasted space within a partition allocated to a process
    • B. Wasted space between partitions
    • C. Wasted space on the disk
    • D. Wasted CPU time

11. 23. What is external fragmentation?

    • A. Wasted space within a partition
    • B. Wasted space between partitions
    • C. Wasted space on the disk
    • D. Wasted CPU time

12. 24. What is paging?

    • A. Dividing memory into fixed-size blocks called pages
    • B. Allocating the entire memory to a process
    • C. Swapping entire processes to disk
    • D. Compacting memory