Biotechnology and Its Applications – Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. 37. Cry gene' in Bt cotton codes for:

   • A. Insecticidal protein
   • B. Antibiotic resistance
   • C. Herbicide tolerance
   • D. Nitrogen fixation

2. 38. The process of 'gel elution' in biotechnology is used to:

   • A. Extract DNA from gel
   • B. Separate DNA fragments
   • C. Amplify DNA
   • D. Ligate DNA

3. 39. Which technique is used to create millions of copies of a specific DNA segment?

   • A. PCR
   • B. ELISA
   • C. Gel electrophoresis
   • D. DNA fingerprinting

4. 40. A probe in molecular biology is a:

   • A. Single-stranded DNA or RNA molecule
   • B. Double-stranded DNA molecule
   • C. Protein
   • D. Enzyme

5. 41. Bt Toxin is initially inactive protoxin but becomes active in the insect gut due to:

   • A. Alkaline pH of the gut
   • B. Acidic pH of the gut
   • C. High temperature
   • D. Low oxygen concentration

6. 42. Biotechnology deals with techniques of using live organisms or enzymes from organisms to produce products and processes useful to humans. This definition was given by:

   • A. EFB (European Federation of Biotechnology)
   • B. UNEP
   • C. WHO
   • D. OECD

7. 43. Which type of restriction enzyme cuts DNA at a specific recognition sequence within the DNA?

   • A. Type II restriction enzyme
   • B. Type I restriction enzyme
   • C. Type III restriction enzyme
   • D. Type IV restriction enzyme

8. 44. Microinjection is a method used to introduce DNA into:

   • A. Animal cells
   • B. Plant cells
   • C. Bacterial cells
   • D. Fungal cells

9. 45. Gene gun (biolistics) method is used to introduce DNA into:

   • A. Plant cells
   • B. Animal cells
   • C. Bacterial cells
   • D. Fungal cells

10. 46. The process of introducing foreign DNA into a host cell is called:

    • A. Transformation
    • B. Transcription
    • C. Translation
    • D. Replication

11. 47. Which enzyme is used to synthesize DNA from an RNA template?

    • A. Reverse transcriptase
    • B. DNA polymerase
    • C. RNA polymerase
    • D. Ligase

12. 48. What is the purpose of 'stirred-tank bioreactors'?

    • A. To provide optimal conditions for cell growth and product formation
    • B. To separate DNA fragments
    • C. To perform PCR
    • D. To carry out electrophoresis